What is Cash Flow defined as?

Cash flow is defined as the amount left after Debt Service is subtracted from Net Operating Income. This definition is critical because cash flow directly reflects the actual cash available to the property owner or investor after all operating expenses and debt obligations have been accounted for. By first calculating Net Operating Income (NOI), which represents the income generated by the property after expenses but before financing costs, and then subtracting Debt Service (the money required to meet mortgage payments), you determine the true cash flow that can be utilized for reinvestment, distributions, or covering other expenses.

This indicator is essential for property management and investment analysis, as it gives a clear picture of financial health and operational efficiency. Without considering the impact of debt service, an investor might misinterpret the performance of the property based solely on gross income or operating metrics without understanding the liquidity situation and future financial commitments.